Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (IATA : SEA, ICAO : KSEA, FAA LID : SEA), also known as "Sea-Tac Airport" or Sea-Tac (pronounced /ˈsiːtæk/ ), is located in SeaTac, Washington , United States at the intersections of State Route 518 , State Route 99 and State Route 509 , about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Interstate 5 . It serves Seattle and Tacoma, Washington as well as the rest of western Washington. The airport is the primary hub for Alaska Airlines , whose headquarters is located near the airport, and its regional subsidiary Horizon Air . The airport has service to destinations throughout North America, Europe and East Asia . "Welcome to Sea-Tac!" says the automated announcement in the airport's parking garage and skyways, using the nickname that residents of the Seattle metropolitan area have given it. The nickname arose before the city of SeaTac, Washington was founded. In 2009 Sea-Tac served nearly 31.3 million passengers, making it the18th busiest airport in the United States. It ranks 25th in total aircraft operations and 19th in total cargo volume.[3] Seattle is the largest metropolitan area of the United States which does not serve as a hub nor secondary hub (or focus city) for any of the remaining legacy airlines. It is however a hub for Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air and the remaining legacy airlines run many flights to their hubs as well as a few non hub destinations from Sea-Tac.[4] [5] The top five carriers at Sea-Tac in number of passengers carried in 2009 were Alaska Airlines (34.2%), Horizon Air (13.8%), Southwest Airlines (8.9%), United Airlines (7.0%), and Northwest Airlines (6.4%).[6]
History
Seattle–Tacoma Airport was constructed by the Port of Seattle in 1944 to serv! e civili ans of the region, after the U.S. military took control of Boeing Field for use in World War II . The Port received $1 million from the Civil Aeronautics Administration to build the airport, and $100,000 from the City of Tacoma. Commercial use of the airport began after the war ended, with the first scheduled flights occurring in 1947. Two years later, the word International was added to the airport's name as Northwest Airlines began direct service to Tokyo. The runway was lengthened twice, first in 1959 to allow use by jets , and again in 1961 to handle increased traffic for the upcoming Century 21 World's Fair . The current terminal complex was built in 1959. In 1966, SAS inaugurated the airport's first non-stop route to Europe. The Port embarked on a major expansion plan from 1967 to 1973, adding a second runway, a parking garage, two satellite terminals, and other improvements to the airport.
Numerous residents of the surrounding area filed lawsuits against the Port in the early 1970s, compaining of noise, vibration, smoke, and other problems caused by the airport. The Port, together with the government of King County , adopted the Sea-Tac Communities Plan in 1976 to address the airport's impact on the area and guide its future development. The Port spent more than $100 million over the next decade to buy out homes and school buildings in the immediate vicinity, and soundproof others nearby. In the mid 1980s Sea-Tac participated in the airport noise compatibility program initiated by Congress in 1979. Airport noise contours were developed, real estate was purchased and some homes were retrofitted to achieve noise mitigation .
In 1978, the U.S. ended airline regulation. Subsequently, U.S. airlines were allowed to determine routes and fares without government approval. Deregulation resulted in new service to Seattle, including TWA , which was the fourth largest U.S. airline.
After the death of U.S. Senator "Scoop" Jackson in 1983, the Seattle Port Commission voted to chang! e the na me of the airport to Henry M. Jackson International Airport, ostensibly to honor the late Senator. However, denizens of Tacoma interpreted the name change as an insult to their community —the second time in the airport's history that the port authorities had attempted to remove "Tacoma" from the official name. But the $100,000 that Tacoma had provided for the airport's construction during World War II had come with an explicit promise that the city would be included in the airport's name. The City of Tacoma eventually prevailed in their attempt to return the long-standing moniker, and the name reverted to Sea-Tac early in 1984.
Starting in the late 1980s, the Port of Seattle and a council representing local conty governments considered the future of air traffic in the region and predicted that Sea-Tac Airport could reach capacity by 2000. The planning committee concluded in 1992 that the best solution was to add a third runway to Sea-Tac and construct a supplemental two-runway airport in one of the neighboring counties. Members of the community strongly opposed a third runway, as did Highline School District and the cities of Des Moines , Burien , Federal Way , Tukwila , and Normandy Park , but a 1994 study concluded there were no feasible sites for an additional airport. The Port of Seattle approved a plan for the new runway in 1996, prompting a lawsuit from opponents. The Port secured the necessary permits by agreeing to noise reduction programs and environmental protections. Runway opponents appealed these permits, but dropped their challenges in 2004. The runway opened on November 20, 2008, with a total construction cost of $1.1 billion.
Operations
The Sea-Tac airport has three parallel runways that run nearly north-south, with a passenger terminal to the east. The runways range in length from about 8,500 ft (2,600 m) to 12,000 ft (3,700 m). During 2008, the airport averaged 946 aircraft operations per day, 89% of which were commercial flights , 10% of which were air taxi operations, and 1% of which were transient general aviation .
A new control tower was constructed for Sea-Tac beginning in 2001, and brought into service November 2004, at acost of $26 million. The floor of the new tower's control cab is 233 ft (71 m) above ground level; the tower's overall height including antennas is 269 ft (82 m). The cab has 850 sq ft (79 m2 ) of space and was originally designed to support operation by ten controllers , with possible future expansion up to 15. The site and construction method of the tower were designed to maximize visibility and efficacy of radar systems. SeaTac's original control tower, built in the 1950s, is now located in the airport's passenger terminal and used as a ground control tower, after being repaired from damages caused by the Nisqually Earthquake in 2001.
A recurring operational problem at Sea-Tac is misidentification of the westernmost taxiway, Taxiway Tango, as a landing surface. A large "X" has been placed at the north end of the taxiway to prevent confusion, but a number of incidents of aircraft landing on the taxiway have still occurred. The FAA has issued an alert notice dated from Aug! ust 27, 2009 to September 24, 2009 urging airplanes about taking precautions such as REILs and other visual cues while landing from the north.
In 2007 Sea-Tac airport, together with the University of Illinois Center of Excellence for Airport Technology (CEAT), became the first airport to implement an avian radar system providing 24-hour monitoring of wildlife activity across the airfield. This pilot program was designed to decrease potentially fatal incidents involving avian collisions and provide a test bed for widespread implementation of the technology in the US which was expected to begin in 2009. The technology is part of a multi-pronged strategy to reduce the dangerous presence of wildlife on the airfield.
Possible new airline service
Port of Seattle Commission President John Creighton said the Port of Seattle is working to secure nonstop service between Seattle and Shanghai. After the European Union and US signed an opn skies agreement, airlines such as Aer Lingus and bmi , among others, have shown interest in starting service to Seattle.
Virgin Atlantic announced it looked at Seattle among other cities as a future destination when they announced their aircraft order of 15 Boeing 787-9.
V Australia has received permission from the DOT to fly to Seattle and several other U.S. cities from its planned hub in Sydney, Australia .
Emirates Airline has indicated that Seattle is being considered as a
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